Виртуальная клавиатура для набора латиницей с диакритическими знаками

Я разрабатываю блокнот с интеграцией виртуальной клавиатуры. Цель состоит в том, чтобы предоставить бесплатный инструмент для ввода латинских букв с диакритическими знаками. Я зашел так далеко, но из-за моих ограничений и отсутствия знаний в области программирования, думаю, мне понадобятся партнеры для улучшения приложения.

Я очень ценю ваш вклад и предложения. Открыто дальнейшее сотрудничество. Как дань уважения, я включу вас в список участников этого приложения.

Я обнаружил несколько проблем:

1. Backspace переходит в конец всего текста.
2. сохранить и сохранить, поскольку функция работает некорректно.
3. проблемы с привязкой клавиатуры

Дополнительные функции будут добавлены позже.

Вот код:

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.scrolledtext as scrolledtext
import tkinter.messagebox
import webbrowser
from tkinter.font import Font
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import asksaveasfilename, askopenfilename
from tkinter import ttk
 
root = Tk()
root.title("Citralekha 1.0 (Beta)")
#root.iconbitmap(r'keyboard.ico')
root.resizable(0,0)
root.geometry()
file_path=""

global selected
selected = False


# font setting
text_font = Font(
    size=12,
    family="Helvetica")


# button functions
 
def select(value):
    global text
    if value=="⌫":
        txt = TextArea.get(1.0,END)
        val = len(txt)
        TextArea.delete(1.0,END)
        TextArea.insert(1.0,txt[:val-2])    
    elif value == "↵":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT,"n")
    elif value=="Spasi":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT," ")
    elif value == "⇥":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT,"    ")
    elif value =="⇧":
        caps_buttons = ['|', '‖','Ø','°','ᴗ',"https://codereview.stackexchange.com/",'\','(',')','[',']','§','-','—','=','+',
                        'A','Ā', 'Â','Å', 'B','C','D','Ḍ','E','É','Ә','Ê','⌫','1','2','3',
                        'F', 'G','H','Ḥ','I','Ī','Î','J','Ē','Ĕ','Ə̄','Ě','↵','4','5','6',
                        'K','Ḳ','L', 'Ḷ','L̥','M', 'Ṁ', 'Ṃ','N','Ṇ','Ṅ','Ŋ','⇥','7','8','9',
                        'O','Ö', 'P','Q','R','Ṛ','R̥','Ṙ','S','Ś','Ṣ','Ñ','⬆','0','{','}',
                        'T','Ṭ','U','Ū','Û','V','W','X','Y','Z','Ẓ','Ż',"https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/265538/#",'*','<', '>',
                        'Spasi','M̐','˜','’','‘',''','"','.','·',';',':','!','?'
                        ]
        varrow = 2
        varcolumn = 0

        for button in caps_buttons:
            command = lambda x=button:select(x)
            if button !='Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button,width=2,bg='black',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black', relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=varrow,column=varcolumn)
            if button =='Spasi':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black', relief="raised",padx=62,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=8,columnspan=4)
            if button =='⌫':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=3,column=12)
            if button =='↵':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=4,column=12)
            if button =='⇥':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=5,column=12)
            if button =='⬆':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=6,column=12)
            varcolumn+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow==2:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==3:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==4:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==5:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==6:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==7:
                varcolumn=3
                varrow+=1
                
    elif value =="⬆":
        varrow = 2
        varcolumn = 0

        for button in buttons:
            command = lambda x=button:select(x)
            if button !='Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button,width=2,bg='black',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black', relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=varrow,column=varcolumn)
            if button =='Spasi':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black', relief="raised",padx=62,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=8,columnspan=4)
            if button =='⌫':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=3,column=12)
            if button =='↵':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=4,column=12)
            if button =='⇥':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=5,column=12)
            if button =='⇧':
                Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
                    relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=6,column=12)
    
            varcolumn+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow==2:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==3:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==4:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==5:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==6:
                varcolumn=0
                varrow+=1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==7:
                varcolumn=3
                varrow+=1
    
    else:
        TextArea.insert(INSERT,value)
        
        

# Menu bar fungtions 'berkas' (file)
def set_file_path(path):
    global file_path
    file_path = path
  
def open_file(e):
    path = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    with open(path, 'r') as file:
        code = file.read()
        TextArea.delete('1.0', END)
        TextArea.insert('1.0', code)
#        set_file_path(path)

def save_as():
    path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    with open(path, 'w') as file:
        code = TextArea.get('1.0', END) 
        file.write(code)
        set_file_path(path)

def save_file(e):
    if file_path == 'path':
        path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    else:
        path = file_path
    with open(path, 'w') as file:
        code = TextArea.get('1.0', END) 
        file.write(code)
        set_file_path(path)
        
def endProgram():
    root.destroy()
        
## Edit bar functions (sunting)
        
def cut_text(e):
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()
    else:
        if TextArea.selection_get():
            selected = TextArea.selection_get()
            TextArea.delete("sel.first", "sel.last")
            root.clipboard_clear()
            root.clipboard_append(selected)

def copy_text(e):
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()
        
    if TextArea.selection_get():
        selected = TextArea.selection_get()
        root.clipboard_clear()
        root.clipboard_append(selected)
        
def paste_text(e):
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()
    else:
        if selected:
            position = TextArea.index(INSERT)
            TextArea.insert(position, selected)

def clear_text():
    TextArea.delete('1.0', END)

def select_all_text(event=None):
    TextArea.tag_add('sel', '1.0', 'end')
    return "break"

def find_text(event=None):
    search_toplevel = Toplevel(root)
    search_toplevel.title('Pencarian')
    search_toplevel.transient(root)

    Label(search_toplevel, text="Teks:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='e')

    search_entry_widget = Entry(
        search_toplevel, width=25)
    search_entry_widget.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=2, pady=2, sticky='we')
    search_entry_widget.focus_set()
    ignore_case_value = IntVar()
    Checkbutton(search_toplevel, text="Abaikan huruf kapital", variable=ignore_case_value).grid(
        row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2)
    Button(search_toplevel, text="Cari", underline=0,
           command=lambda: search_output(
               search_entry_widget.get(), ignore_case_value.get(),
               TextArea, search_toplevel, search_entry_widget)
           ).grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='e' + 'w', padx=2, pady=2)

    def close_search_window():
        TextArea.tag_remove('match', '1.0', END)
        search_toplevel.destroy()
    search_toplevel.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_search_window)
    return "break"


def search_output(needle, if_ignore_case, TextArea,
                  search_toplevel, search_box):
    TextArea.tag_remove('sesuai', '1.0', END)
    ditemukan = 0
    if needle:
        start_pos="1.0"
        while True:
            start_pos = TextArea.search(needle, start_pos,
                                            nocase=if_ignore_case, stopindex=END)
            if not start_pos:
                break
            end_pos="{}+{}c".format(start_pos, len(needle))
            TextArea.tag_add('sesuai', start_pos, end_pos)
            ditemukan += 1
            start_pos = end_pos
        TextArea.tag_config(
            'sesuai', foreground='red', background='yellow')
    search_box.focus_set()
    search_toplevel.title('{} ditemukan'.format(ditemukan))


def open_guide():
    webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha',new=1)

#def open_angket():
#    webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha/masukan',new=2)
    
def about_window():
    about_window = Toplevel(root)
    about_window.geometry("450x180")
    about_window.title("Tentang Citralekha")
    about_window.resizable(False, False)
    lbl = Label(about_window, text="Citralekha 1.0 (Beta) nn Program keyboard visual ini dikembangkan untuk membantu pengetikan huruf Latin dengan diakritik dalam proses transliterasi naskah dan prasasti di Nusantara. nn (c) 2021 Ilham Nurwansah nn GNU General Public License v3.0 ", wraplength=400, justify="center")
    lbl.pack()
    
def supported_convention():
    convention_window = Toplevel(root)
    convention_window.geometry("400x300")
    convention_window.title("Tentang Citralekha")
    convention_window.resizable(False, False)
    lbl = Label(convention_window, text="Keyboard ini mendukung sistem transliterasi berikut: n nInternational Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) nOld Javanese - English Dictionary nDHARMA nJavanese General System of Transliteration (JGST) nPanduan transliterasi Arab-Latin Kementerian Agama RI nnSistem transkripsi: nBahasa Sunda (Palangeran Éjahan Basa Sunda) nBahasa Jawa (PUJL) nBahasa Aceh", wraplength=370, justify="left")
    lbl.pack()


# Root Widgets......

# Menu Bar
menu_bar = Menu(root)  

# File bars
file_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  
# file.add_command(label="New File", command=new_file)  
file_bar.add_command(label="Buka", command=lambda: open_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+o")  
file_bar.add_command(label="Simpan", command=lambda:save_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+s")  
file_bar.add_command(label="Simpan sebagai", command=save_as)  
file_bar.add_separator()  
file_bar.add_command(label="Keluar", command=endProgram)  
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Berkas", menu=file_bar)  


# Edit Bars
edit_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  
#edit_bar.add_command(label="Undo", command="")  
#edit_bar.add_command(label="Redo", command="")  
#edit_bar.add_separator()  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Potong", command=lambda: cut_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+x")  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Salin", command=lambda: copy_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+c")  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Tempel", command=lambda: paste_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+v")  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Pilih semua", command=lambda: select_all_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+a")
edit_bar.add_separator()  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Cari teks", command=lambda: find_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+f")
edit_bar.add_separator()  
edit_bar.add_command(label="Bersihkan teks", command=clear_text)  
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Sunting", menu=edit_bar)

# Help Bar 
help_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  
help_bar.add_command(label="Dokumentasi", command=open_guide) 
help_bar.add_command(label="Sistem Transliterasi", command=supported_convention)  
#help_bar.add_command(label="[Beri Masukan]", command=open_angket)  
help_bar.add_command(label="Tentang", command=about_window)  
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Bantuan", menu=help_bar)


# Print bar
# print_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)  
# menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Print", menu=print_bar, command="")

# Text Frame

text_frame = Frame(root)
text_frame.grid(row=0,columnspan=16,padx=1, pady=1)

TextArea = Text(undo=True)
TextArea = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(text_frame, width=65,height=18, wrap=WORD,borderwidth=1,relief=RIDGE)
TextArea.configure(font=text_font)
TextArea.grid(row=0,columnspan=156)

# Button Frame

button_frame = Frame(root)
button_frame.grid(row=1, columnspan=16, padx=1, pady=1)

buttons = ['|', '‖','Ø','°','ᴗ',"https://codereview.stackexchange.com/",'\','(',')','[',']','§','-','—','=','+',
'a','ā', 'â','å','b','c','d','ḍ','e','é','ә','ê','⌫','1','2','3',
'f', 'g','h','ḥ','i','ī','î','j','ē','ĕ','ə̄','ě','↵','4','5','6',
'k','ḳ','l', 'ḷ','l̥', 'm', 'ṁ', 'ṃ','n','ṇ','ṅ','ŋ','⇥','7','8','9',
'o','ö', 'p','q','r', 'ṛ','r̥', 'ṙ','s','ś','ṣ','ñ','⇧','0','{','}',
't','ṭ','u','ū','û','v','w','x','y','z','ẓ','ż',"https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/265538/#",'*','<', '>',
'Spasi', 'm̐','˜', '’', '‘', ''', '"','.' ,'·',';',':','!','?']
varrow = 2
varcolumn = 0

# Button functions
for button in buttons:
    command = lambda x=button:select(x)
    if button !='Spasi':
        Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button,width=2,bg='black',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=varrow,column=varcolumn)
    if button =='Spasi':
        Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=62,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=8,columnspan=4)
    if button =='⌫':
        Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=3,column=12)
    if button =='↵':
        Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=4,column=12)
    if button =='⇥':
        Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=5,column=12)
    if button =='⇧':
        Button(button_frame,text=button,width=2,bg='brown',fg='white',activebackground="white",activeforeground='black',
            relief="raised",padx=4,pady=2,bd=4,command=command).grid(row=6,column=12)
    
    
    varcolumn+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow==2:
        varcolumn=0
        varrow+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==3:
        varcolumn=0
        varrow+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==4:
        varcolumn=0
        varrow+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==5:
        varcolumn=0
        varrow+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==6:
        varcolumn=0
        varrow+=1
    if varcolumn > 15 and varrow ==7:
        varcolumn=3
        varrow+=1


# Keyboard Shortcut functions (Bindings)

root.bind('<Control-Key-x>', cut_text)
root.bind('<Control-Key-c>', copy_text)
root.bind('<Control-Key-v>', paste_text)
root.bind('<Control-Key-a>', select_all_text)
root.bind('<Control-Key-f>', find_text)
root.bind('<Control-Key-o>', open_file)
root.bind('<Control-Key-s>', save_file)

root.config(menu=menu_bar)
root.mainloop()

Я также выложил код на Github: https://github.com/Ilhamkang/Citralekha-visualKeyboard

Заранее спасибо!

Это уже довольно большая программа. Прежде чем расширять его дальше, вы захотите вернуться и очистить коллекцию второстепенных и важных вещей:

Эта программа написана для определенной локали. Было бы неплохо подробно рассказать об этой локали:

from locale import setlocale, LC_ALL

indonesian_bcf47 = 'id_ID'
setlocale(LC_ALL, (indonesian_bcf47, 'UTF-8'))

Как это типично для начинающих программ пользовательского интерфейса Python, он слишком сильно зависит от глобального состояния и ссылок на глобальные элементы управления и имеет слишком много глобального кода. Побочные эффекты включают повышенную сложность модульного тестирования, загрязнение пространства имен и т. Д. Существуют различные решения, самым простым из которых обычно является переход к системе классов.

Рассмотрите возможность добавления подсказок типа PEP484, т.е.

def find_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str:

TextArea не подходящее имя для переменной и вместо этого должно быть text_area.

open_file имеет ошибку — он не замечает, когда пользователь нажимает «отменить», и вылетает, когда путь является пустой строкой.

endProgram должно быть end_program пользователя PEP8.

В вашем коде поиска есть ошибка — когда вы найдете совпадение и строка редактора выделена, это выделение кажется постоянным, и пользователь может добавлять подстроки в выделенную область, которая также будет выделена. Типичный дизайн снимает выделение подстроки, как только она редактируется и больше не совпадает.

я нахожу

    Checkbutton(search_toplevel, text="Abaikan huruf kapital", variable=ignore_case_value).grid(
        row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2)

чтобы быть более разборчивым в формате

    Checkbutton(
        search_toplevel, text="Abaikan huruf kapital", variable=ignore_case_value,
    ).grid(
        row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2
    )

По большей части вы очень хорошо умеете хранить свой локальный контент в строках и сохранять свой код на английском языке; но есть как минимум один промах (дитэмукан).

global text кажется мертвым кодом, поскольку эта переменная не существует.

Легкий рефакторинг, учитывающий некоторые из вышеперечисленных, но не идущий достаточно далеко, чтобы исключить глобальные ссылки, — это:

from locale import setlocale, LC_ALL
from tkinter import scrolledtext
import webbrowser
from tkinter.font import Font
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import asksaveasfilename, askopenfilename
from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText
from typing import Optional

root = Tk()
file_path=""

global selected
selected = False

# font setting
text_font = Font(size=12, family="Helvetica")


# button functions

def select(value: str) -> None:
    if value == "⌫":
        txt = TextArea.get(1.0, END)
        val = len(txt)
        TextArea.delete(1.0, END)
        TextArea.insert(1.0, txt[:val - 2])
    elif value == "↵":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT, "n")
    elif value == "Spasi":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT, " ")
    elif value == "⇥":
        TextArea.insert(INSERT, "    ")
    elif value == "⇧":
        caps_buttons = ['|', '‖', 'Ø', '°', 'ᴗ', "https://codereview.stackexchange.com/", '\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '§', '-', '—', '=', '+',
                        'A', 'Ā', 'Â', 'Å', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'Ḍ', 'E', 'É', 'Ә', 'Ê', '⌫', '1', '2', '3',
                        'F', 'G', 'H', 'Ḥ', 'I', 'Ī', 'Î', 'J', 'Ē', 'Ĕ', 'Ə̄', 'Ě', '↵', '4', '5', '6',
                        'K', 'Ḳ', 'L', 'Ḷ', 'L̥', 'M', 'Ṁ', 'Ṃ', 'N', 'Ṇ', 'Ṅ', 'Ŋ', '⇥', '7', '8', '9',
                        'O', 'Ö', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'Ṛ', 'R̥', 'Ṙ', 'S', 'Ś', 'Ṣ', 'Ñ', '⬆', '0', '{', '}',
                        'T', 'Ṭ', 'U', 'Ū', 'Û', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'Ẓ', 'Ż', "https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/265538/#", '*', '<', '>',
                        'Spasi', 'M̐', '˜', '’', '‘', ''', '"', '.', '·', ';', ':', '!', '?'
                        ]
        varrow = 2
        varcolumn = 0

        for button in caps_buttons:
            command = lambda x=button: select(x)
            if button != 'Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white',
                       activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4,
                       command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn)
            if button == 'Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black', relief="raised", padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8,
                                                                                                               columnspan=4)
            if button == '⌫':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12)
            if button == '↵':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12)
            if button == '⇥':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12)
            if button == '⬆':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12)
            varcolumn += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7:
                varcolumn = 3
                varrow += 1

    elif value == "⬆":
        varrow = 2
        varcolumn = 0

        for button in buttons:
            command = lambda x=button: select(x)
            if button != 'Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white',
                       activebackground="white", activeforeground='black', relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4,
                       command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn)
            if button == 'Spasi':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black', relief="raised", padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8,
                                                                                                               columnspan=4)
            if button == '⌫':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12)
            if button == '↵':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12)
            if button == '⇥':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12)
            if button == '⇧':
                Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                       activeforeground='black',
                       relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12)

            varcolumn += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6:
                varcolumn = 0
                varrow += 1
            if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7:
                varcolumn = 3
                varrow += 1

    else:
        TextArea.insert(INSERT, value)


# Menu bar functions 'berkas' (file)
def set_file_path(path) -> None:
    global file_path
    file_path = path


def open_file(e: bool) -> None:
    path = askopenfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    if path:
        with open(path, 'r') as file:
            code = file.read()
            TextArea.delete('1.0', END)
            TextArea.insert('1.0', code)


def save_as() -> None:
    path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    with open(path, 'w') as file:
        code = TextArea.get('1.0', END)
        file.write(code)
        set_file_path(path)


def save_file(e: bool) -> None:
    if file_path == 'path':
        path = asksaveasfilename(filetypes=[('Berkas Teks', '*.txt')])
    else:
        path = file_path
    with open(path, 'w') as file:
        code = TextArea.get('1.0', END)
        file.write(code)
        set_file_path(path)


def endProgram() -> None:
    root.destroy()


## Edit bar functions (sunting)

def cut_text(e: Event) -> None:
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()
    else:
        if TextArea.selection_get():
            selected = TextArea.selection_get()
            TextArea.delete("sel.first", "sel.last")
            root.clipboard_clear()
            root.clipboard_append(selected)


def copy_text(e: Event) -> None:
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()

    if TextArea.selection_get():
        selected = TextArea.selection_get()
        root.clipboard_clear()
        root.clipboard_append(selected)


def paste_text(e: Event) -> None:
    global selected
    if e:
        selected = root.clipboard_get()
    elif selected:
        position = TextArea.index(INSERT)
        TextArea.insert(position, selected)


def clear_text() -> None:
    TextArea.delete('1.0', END)


def select_all_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str:
    TextArea.tag_add('sel', '1.0', 'end')
    return "break"


def find_text(event: Optional[Event] = None) -> str:
    search_toplevel = Toplevel(root)
    search_toplevel.title('Pencarian')
    search_toplevel.transient(root)

    Label(search_toplevel, text="Teks:").grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='e')

    search_entry_widget = Entry(
        search_toplevel, width=25)
    search_entry_widget.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=2, pady=2, sticky='we')
    search_entry_widget.focus_set()
    ignore_case_value = IntVar()
    Checkbutton(
        search_toplevel, text="Abaikan huruf kapital", variable=ignore_case_value,
    ).grid(
        row=1, column=1, sticky='e', padx=2, pady=2
    )
    Button(
        search_toplevel, text="Cari", underline=0,
        command=lambda: search_output(
            search_entry_widget.get(), ignore_case_value.get() == 1,
            TextArea, search_toplevel, search_entry_widget,
        )
    ).grid(row=0, column=2, sticky='e' + 'w', padx=2, pady=2)

    def close_search_window() -> None:
        TextArea.tag_remove('match', '1.0', END)
        search_toplevel.destroy()

    search_toplevel.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_search_window)
    return "break"


def search_output(
    needle: str, if_ignore_case: bool, text_area: ScrolledText,
    search_toplevel: Toplevel, search_box: Entry,
) -> None:
    text_area.tag_remove('sesuai', '1.0', END)
    ditemukan = 0
    if needle:
        start_pos="1.0"
        while True:
            start_pos = text_area.search(
                needle, start_pos, nocase=if_ignore_case, stopindex=END,
            )
            if not start_pos:
                break
            end_pos="{}+{}c".format(start_pos, len(needle))
            text_area.tag_add('sesuai', start_pos, end_pos)
            ditemukan += 1
            start_pos = end_pos
        text_area.tag_config(
            'sesuai', foreground='red', background='yellow')
    search_box.focus_set()
    search_toplevel.title('{} ditemukan'.format(ditemukan))


def open_guide() -> None:
    webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha', new=1)


# def open_angket():
#    webbrowser.open('https://kairaga.com/keyboard/citralekha/masukan',new=2)

def about_window() -> None:
    about_window = Toplevel(root)
    about_window.geometry("450x180")
    about_window.title("Tentang Citralekha")
    about_window.resizable(False, False)
    lbl = Label(about_window,
                text="Citralekha 1.0 (Beta) nn Program keyboard visual ini dikembangkan untuk membantu pengetikan huruf Latin dengan diakritik dalam proses transliterasi naskah dan prasasti di Nusantara. nn (c) 2021 Ilham Nurwansah nn GNU General Public License v3.0 ",
                wraplength=400, justify="center")
    lbl.pack()


def supported_convention() -> None:
    convention_window = Toplevel(root)
    convention_window.geometry("400x300")
    convention_window.title("Tentang Citralekha")
    convention_window.resizable(False, False)
    lbl = Label(convention_window,
                text="Keyboard ini mendukung sistem transliterasi berikut: n nInternational Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) nOld Javanese - English Dictionary nDHARMA nJavanese General System of Transliteration (JGST) nPanduan transliterasi Arab-Latin Kementerian Agama RI nnSistem transkripsi: nBahasa Sunda (Palangeran Éjahan Basa Sunda) nBahasa Jawa (PUJL) nBahasa Aceh",
                wraplength=370, justify="left")
    lbl.pack()


menu_bar = Menu(root)
file_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
edit_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
help_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
text_frame = Frame(root)
TextArea = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(text_frame, width=65, height=18, wrap=WORD, borderwidth=1, relief=RIDGE)
button_frame = Frame(root)

buttons = ['|', '‖', 'Ø', '°', 'ᴗ', "https://codereview.stackexchange.com/", '\', '(', ')', '[', ']', '§', '-', '—', '=', '+',
           'a', 'ā', 'â', 'å', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'ḍ', 'e', 'é', 'ә', 'ê', '⌫', '1', '2', '3',
           'f', 'g', 'h', 'ḥ', 'i', 'ī', 'î', 'j', 'ē', 'ĕ', 'ə̄', 'ě', '↵', '4', '5', '6',
           'k', 'ḳ', 'l', 'ḷ', 'l̥', 'm', 'ṁ', 'ṃ', 'n', 'ṇ', 'ṅ', 'ŋ', '⇥', '7', '8', '9',
           'o', 'ö', 'p', 'q', 'r', 'ṛ', 'r̥', 'ṙ', 's', 'ś', 'ṣ', 'ñ', '⇧', '0', '{', '}',
           't', 'ṭ', 'u', 'ū', 'û', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'ẓ', 'ż', "https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/265538/#", '*', '<', '>',
           'Spasi', 'm̐', '˜', '’', '‘', ''', '"', '.', '·', ';', ':', '!', '?']


def main() -> None:
    indonesian_bcf47 = 'id_ID'
    setlocale(LC_ALL, (indonesian_bcf47, 'UTF-8'))

    root.title("Citralekha 1.0 (Beta)")
    root.resizable(0, 0)
    root.geometry()

    # file.add_command(label="New File", command=new_file)
    file_bar.add_command(label="Buka", command=lambda: open_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+o")
    file_bar.add_command(label="Simpan", command=lambda: save_file(False), accelerator="Ctrl+s")
    file_bar.add_command(label="Simpan sebagai", command=save_as)
    file_bar.add_separator()
    file_bar.add_command(label="Keluar", command=endProgram)
    menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Berkas", menu=file_bar)

    # edit_bar.add_command(label="Undo", command="")
    # edit_bar.add_command(label="Redo", command="")
    # edit_bar.add_separator()
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Potong", command=lambda: cut_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+x")
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Salin", command=lambda: copy_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+c")
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Tempel", command=lambda: paste_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+v")
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Pilih semua", command=lambda: select_all_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+a")
    edit_bar.add_separator()
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Cari teks", command=lambda: find_text(False), accelerator="Ctrl+f")
    edit_bar.add_separator()
    edit_bar.add_command(label="Bersihkan teks", command=clear_text)
    menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Sunting", menu=edit_bar)

    help_bar.add_command(label="Dokumentasi", command=open_guide)
    help_bar.add_command(label="Sistem Transliterasi", command=supported_convention)
    # help_bar.add_command(label="[Beri Masukan]", command=open_angket)
    help_bar.add_command(label="Tentang", command=about_window)
    menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Bantuan", menu=help_bar)

    # Print bar
    # print_bar = Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
    # menu_bar.add_cascade(label="Print", menu=print_bar, command="")

    # Text Frame
    text_frame.grid(row=0, columnspan=16, padx=1, pady=1)

    TextArea.configure(font=text_font)
    TextArea.grid(row=0, columnspan=156)

    # Button Frame
    button_frame.grid(row=1, columnspan=16, padx=1, pady=1)

    varrow = 2
    varcolumn = 0

    # Button functions
    for button in buttons:
        command = lambda x=button: select(x)
        if button != 'Spasi':
            Button(button_frame, font=text_font, text=button, width=2, bg='black', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=varrow, column=varcolumn)
        if button == 'Spasi':
            Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=62, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=8, columnspan=4)
        if button == '⌫':
            Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=3, column=12)
        if button == '↵':
            Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=4, column=12)
        if button == '⇥':
            Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=5, column=12)
        if button == '⇧':
            Button(button_frame, text=button, width=2, bg='brown', fg='white', activebackground="white",
                   activeforeground='black',
                   relief="raised", padx=4, pady=2, bd=4, command=command).grid(row=6, column=12)

        varcolumn += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 2:
            varcolumn = 0
            varrow += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 3:
            varcolumn = 0
            varrow += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 4:
            varcolumn = 0
            varrow += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 5:
            varcolumn = 0
            varrow += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 6:
            varcolumn = 0
            varrow += 1
        if varcolumn > 15 and varrow == 7:
            varcolumn = 3
            varrow += 1

    # Keyboard Shortcut functions (Bindings)

    root.bind('<Control-Key-x>', cut_text)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-c>', copy_text)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-v>', paste_text)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-a>', select_all_text)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-f>', find_text)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-o>', open_file)
    root.bind('<Control-Key-s>', save_file)

    root.config(menu=menu_bar)
    root.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()